1.Introduction:

It is important to keep fresh agri-product have good quality after harvest.Here are extensive researches that control the food product quality after harvest.The research and development of hi-technology go fast.

Previously,the sense of politic and economy of safe food provision is underestimated.every year,here are 150000000disease case raised by food in the world,which is the ordinary case,and of which less than 3000000 people has died.

It is accepted that less than 30 types of new diseases is from food and water over 25 years.

We shall guarantee the food security of procession after harvest,including treatment and cleaning of materials, package and cleaning of tube and apparatus.It is extensively reported that the bacterium contaminated on the surface of food procession leads leads the food rotten and the disease spread,such as stainless steel,glass, steel,polypropylene and bakelite,as the same with the non food contact surface,which is not clean and become the pathogen reserve,through touching the surface of that to spread with disease,such as ceramic tile,transparent china,glass utensil and stainless steel.

Many commercial detergent alike potassium sulfate,ISO alcohol,hydrogen peroxide,NACL,alcohol,CL,phenol derivatives, four ammonia mixture has been reported that it could effectively resist pathogen in the food.But microorganism compared with free body on the surface could not be affected because detergent could not penetrate the protective layer of microbe polymer surface.

Chlorine rinsing release the microorganism pathogen in the process(fruit,vegetable,meat and poultry)some suggest that remove and release microbe group in other ways such as three sodium phosphate,sixteen base chloride,hydrogen peroxide,photo radiation,microwave radiation and rapid cooling treatment.But most of that could not accepted because of chemical residue,high cost and limited effect.Therefore,there is the popular theme about the research of reliving microbe group in the food,on the surface of food and on the non contact surface.

Although several commercial product on the market,new approach and method is developing.Recent discovery used by electrolytic water could be the detergent which is the new-concept research in Japan,which has the better function than water and chlorine solution on the agri-product,knife-board and utensils according to some proves.

It is the popular theme in US,Japan,Canada and other countries.Electrolytic water could better contact the uneven surface of fruit and vegetable.

Electrolytic water is produced into the food industry as innovated detergent.

The first report of electrolytic water usage is from the production of TOFO,AEW/ACEW as the usual detergent is confirmed the strong disinfected effect for pathogen.Form1concludes the research of AEW affecting much microbe.

Although AEW becomes the quickly-spread detergent,it not works for bacillus,mycobacterium and fungus.

It is reported that electrolytic water could resist the fungal decay in fruit.Research shows that AEW could remove and release the pathogen raised by food and food on the knife board.For example,electrolytic could release pathogen to the undetectable level for fish,poultry and vegetable.

2.Electrolytic water

2.1 history

The electrolytic water technology initiate from the soda industry in 1900.In 1980 this technology is produced in the market as detergent supervisor of storage water of automatic distributor.With the development of innovation and miniaturization of machine,electrolytic water is applied into all kinds of industries,which is the overseeing and non-heat method for the hygiene control.

2.2 term

AEW is categorized as functional water,and some scientists use EO water as its term.meanwhile,alkaline water is named ER water or BEW.Scientists name a lot from water collected from positive electrode,some of them are showed form3.

Some scientists also think ORP is not the disinfect principle of AEW,and take term such as AEW or EO water.Herein is

AEW and BEW.

2.3 the generating of electrolytic water.

The electrolytic water is generated from battery in which membrane separates positive electrode and negative one.

Separately set electric power between current and electrode as 8-10A and 9-10V.Saturated NACL solution (KCL or MGC12) simultaneously put into the equipment through water supply pipe in laboratory.Just observe the indicator show to the stability of A,V,PH and so on.Battery electrolyzes water to generate two waters which has different properties and recruit from different exits.

(a)BEW or ER or AIEW(ph11.4 ORP795MV)has the strong reduced potential from the negative electrode.

(b)BAW or ER or ACEW(ph2.5 ORP>1100MV chlorine based reactants10-90ppm) has the strong disinfected effect.

PH value and ORP is recorded by ion recording.PH value,ORP and free chlorine concentration is esteemed same between running water electrolysis and pure water electrolysis.AEW and BEW is collected in different container.

Research has done that possibility of ice from reserved water in darkness to use.electrolytic neutral water has been disinfected in the food material by scientists.

2.4 category of electrolytic machine.

Many electrolytic water generator is in the market.Japan is the supreme country who produces that.Sumida mentioned

4 types of that type1,type2,type1s and type3,apart PH value 2.3-2.5,2.5-3.5,3.3-4.0,5.0-6.0

Generally,the generator could be divided two types:one with membrane whose AEW is 2-3PH value.

Another without membrane whose neutral water is 6.8 PH value,because HCL in the positive electrode neutralize the NAOH in the negative electrode.

AI-HAQ and SUGIYAMA pointed ROZ-20TA is popular in the open commentaries.ENW is generated by machine without membrane whose neutral water is of 5.0-5.5PH value,ORP830mv,FAC80ppm.over 20companies produce electrolytic generator in Japan.

2.5 AEW applied into the food and agriculture industry.

AEW is used in the medicine,dent,food procession,agriculture,dairy procession industries.The purpose of AEW is extensively used in dent clinic and Japanese hospital.form2 and form 4 simply concludes the usage in agriculture and food industry.

AEW in addition with AEW,BEW is partly used in the control of microbes and researches.

2.6 the advantage of AEW

AEW is more convenient to disinfect than chlorine, below is reasons:

(1)It could be fabricated at scene.

(2)Except NACL solution,KCL and MGC12,electrolytic water could be generated by pure water in electrolysis without any chemical reagents.It is less harmful for atmosphere.

(3)Electrolytic water can release and concentrate treatment,transport and reserve charge and danger of chlorine solution.

(4)It is friendly for atmosphere.If some generator is settled under PH5.0, it will generate chlorine and FAC substances.

In this condition,operator must protect himself from harm,in other condition,it is safe for operator and atmosphere.

(5)Adjusting the AEW could release the health problem about chlorine water to release the density of chlorine and keep the effect of microbes.

(6)After using,It could reduce the normal water,without a large of harm gas.(chlorine).

(7)Some researchers find AEW could kill microbes in physical which could not resist.

(8)On First payment of electrolytic equipment,it is cheap now.GRECH and Rijkenberg has calculated the fee of chlorination method.The unit cost of chlorine per kilo is:liquid chlorine is 1.6 dollar,sodium hypochlorite solution is

2.7 dollar,dry sodium hypochlorite is 2.87 dollar,TCTA tablet is 3.64 dollar and electro chlorine is 34 cent.

(9)As the non-heat method,AEWcould not change the component,structure,scent and flavor,some change is from heat treatment.

(10)Cell toxin of AEW is less than traditional detergent.

2.7 the disadvantage of AEW

(1)Possibly cause rust

(2)The effect could lower due to the protein(chlorine react with protein)

(3)Certain type electrolytic machine could generate chlorine which make operator uncomfortable under PH5 or less.

(4)The cost of equipment is high

(5)With time filing,bactericidal activity of AEW will lower due to the loss of chlorine.

(6)Free chlorine in AEW has the toxin effect for vegetation to impair its organization.

2.8 AEW principle of microbial activity

It is little knowledge about disinfective principle.AEW possibly has CL2,HOCL and OCL- which exist because of chlorine component(uncombined chlorine atom group).Some researches think antibacterial activity in AEW exist of chlorine component,others think that exist of lowPH value.some researches show that exist of high ORP.

Some scientist think some cause of all above.undeniably,AEW has the property of killing microbe and virus.

Chlorine is generated from positive electrode(Acidic water ),and H2 from negative electrode.C12reacing with water become HOCL and HCL. On the condition of Lower PH value in AEW,HOCL is little as effective disinfectant,which is not through electrolysis named worst effective OCL -.HOTTA and KOHNO mention that disinfect of AEW is generated non-balanced HOCL in low PH electrolysis.Research shows hypochlorite could intrude cell membrane in the disinfectant effect of oxidization of metabolism.Folks advised that HOCL in reaction could provide with like hydroxyl.

WHITE said that CL2,HOCL and FAC are the main effect to disinfect.

PARKS said that the concentration of chlorine reactant is affected by ampere number.other report said the volume of

HOCL has the proportion with the increment of NACL.AEW could be adjusted to reduce the volume of HOCL and keep the effect of killing microbes.

PH value of AEW could resist the generation of microbe.IWASAWA discusses the PH affect with AEW.LEN discusses the volume of HOCL and effect of killing microbe.

Some scientists said high ORP is the main cause for the antibacteria activity in AEM.ORP in solution is the index of oxidation and reduction.High ORP in AEW is generated by the oxygen released by the Weak bond fracture of Unstable hydroxy and chlorine.KIM accorded with the report from MCPHERSON and CARLSON said ORP is the main element for the disinfect and ORP is the best to represent the disinfect property in accordance with free and total chlorine.MCPHERSON reported that German united health bureau laboratory first confirm ORP is the world standard that ORP is relative with Escherichia coli,not with chlorine.

CARLSON and ROBBS pointed the killing of bacteria is not on the foundation of chlorine reactant,but the high OPR value is indispensably for the escherichia.Hereby only chlorine could not guarantee the disinfect.The ORP as the only one measure to represent the total oxidation without relation with concentration of PH and chlorine.AL-HAQ mentions ORP.Low PH, ORP and FAC could affect with the disinfect of BERENGERIANA.

2.9 the principle of antibacterial activity

The PH of BEW is above 11.3,ORP is under or equal -800mv.It has the strong reduce ability which can reduce the free potential in the natural system,and which could treat the disease of organ function.BEW in the NAOH solution,dissolve hydrogen and active hydrogen is esteemed the function of superficial activity.

2.10 the element of affecting AEW activity.

Conserve condition:one limit of AEW is the reducing antibacterial activity with filing because the evaporation of dissolve chlorine and decompose of HOCL could cause the chlorine loss.

The volume of Free chlorine in AEW could dramatically descent after mixing about 120 minutes(80%)but ORP is unchangeable,above says that AEW includes other strong oxidizing agent.

LEN says under the open condition,chlorine in AEW could disappear after mixing about 30hours,and disappear after 100hours in the close condition,the light of conserve has no dramatic effect for the loss of chlorine.The evaporate of chlorine based first-order dynamics could not suit with the close condition where the main principle of loss of chlorine may be the automatic decompose in solution.so,the evaporate of chlorine is limited.

Light:LEN report:no matter how the light is,the rate of light loss is unchangeable,which shows diffuse light is little affect with the loss of chlorine in the open condition.Previously,EL DIN says the decompose rate of chlorine water exposed under light is 5-8 times than chlorine in the darkness.But the light of this research is strong than the diffuse light condition of LEN’s research.Still are more researches that the light is more important element for the loss chlorine in the close condition.In certain experiment and diffuse light condition,the chlorine lose about 60%, and40%loss in the darkness,which shows the diffuse light in the reserve could cause the chlorine decompose.

Mixing:PARK said the effect of non-mixing is better mixing about the treatment of AEW.Maybe because chlorine in AEWhas the limit ability to intrude the microbe cell.The rinsing surface of 50rpm mixing AEW could test the staphylococcus aureus population to the undetectable level,but the control treatment could make two types microbe reduce 3log10 CFU/cm2.The reduction detected after control treatment could be caused by the contaminated surface deleted cells.

Two type of microbe could not find any active cell after AEW treatment.But the restored average volume in control solution is4.6-4.9log10CFU/ml,which shows the contaminated surface could remove a mount of adhesive cell during mixing(non-mixing 2.5log10CFU/ml)during non-mixing,the TSBcan react with AEW to become the combined chlorine to lower the concentration of active chlorine on and around the test surface.The cause of two types bacterium wholly losing the activity after treatment of mixing:

(1)the removing cell from surface directly inactive during mixing

(2)mixing promote AEW to penetrate to the remain cell on the surface.

(3)fully reconciling with AEW in mixing could make chlorine react with cells.In order to know the chlorine loss in the open state,LEN has calculate the constant of loss rate,which raises 5 times in mixing.this maybe cause by the accelerate of surface quality delivery.Mixing accelerates the quality delivery,but it not affect the decompose of single reaction about chlorine.

PH:PH in AEW could affect the evaporate rate of chlorine,because the PH depend upon the proportion between dissolve chlorine and HOCL.The PH in AEW in the open and close conserve condition keep stable.but the higher PH is ,the lower the chlorine loss in AEW is.Further research shows PH ascend from 2.5 to 4.0, the K index of two solutions is down.

The concentration of H+with the PH ascend lower to change the balance of equation1 to form nonvolatile HOCL.

The proportion of volatile CL2 will descend to release the evaporate CL2.The K index in the same PH index is higher than chlorinated water because two solutions are caused by different atmospheres.The form of chlorine change with PH index.

In theory,the PH index on 6.0 and 9.0, the type of chlorine in solution could not dissolve CL2 only HOCL and OCL-.

Thereby here is no difference between evaporation of CL2 and loss rate of CL2,but it is below the observe value in the acidic PH value.here is no loss CL2 on the PH value 9.LEN said the CL2 loss is little at PH6.0 and PH9.0, because the chlorine is decompose by itself.

ORP:in the course of mixing about 120 minutes,ORP is unchangeable,which has other strong oxidation agent.ORP in AEW will reduce in reserve in correspondence with the chlorine loss,so is under the profile.But the effect of light towards chlorine loss is less influence from profile which two are assemble in the light or mixing,only descend from 110-1085.

The relation between PH,ORP and FAC:most public research is fold by the form 4 machine,which can produce PH value 2.6 or so.

The relation with PH and ORP in AEW is posed by AL-HAQ using non-membrane.at the maximum PH2.5 or so it is 1200MV.PH from 2.6 to 3.6,ORP is still in the rande of 1170mv or so.

3. AEW affect with microbe,food and surface.

3.1 using AEW after harvest:the impact for harm GRECH and RIJKENBERG inject AEW into the irrigation system of orange to control the water containing pathogen alike genus of the genus,fusarium,algae and bacterium raised skin.All bacterium have been died.Nematobe could resist the level of 50μg/ml free alkaline in water.here is no side effect arised by chlorine by observing in the wild.In the home temperature, the treatment of from 200 to 500μg/ml could lower the epidemic fungus in soil,even some time could kill it.

3.2 AEW has function in microbe PARk at first time take 8.0 log10 CFU/ml gas producing bacteria and 8.04 log10 CFU/ml staphylococcus aureus expose the AEW with 25or50 mg/l residual chlorine.After 30 minutes both inactive(reducing volume >91 log10 CFU/ml).In the AEW diluted 10mg/l residual chlorine,the tolerance of staphylococcus aureus is stronger than that of gas producing bacteria.

The number of gas producing bacteria reach undetectable level and staphylococcus aureus is alive 3.9log10 CFU/ml the AEW with 10mh/l residual chlorine about 30 seconds.KIM reports,AEW including 10mg/l residual chlorine could effectively make eschericha,list S sinle nucleus cell and nutritious cell of bacillus sp.To the undetectable level.ZHAO finds because most eschericha is sensitive for chlorine,0.25mg/l free chlorine could reduce the volume of >7log10 CFU/ml

3.3 the function of AEW on the test surface PARK takes some types of surface(glass,stainless stell,ceramic tiles with glaze and without glaze and transparent ceramic tile)do the experiment of 6.1 log10 CFU/cm2 eschericha and staphylococcus aureus.The surface soaked in AEW about 5 minutes make eschericha and staphylococcus aureus less 2.2 to 2.5log10 CFU/cm2and 1.7to1.9log10 CFU/cm2.The contrast solution rinsing surface has little function.The rinsing solution after treatment detected has no eschericha and staphylococcus aureus,but contrast solution restore >2log10 CFU.

3.4 AEW for fungus

It is important to the effective disease management and antifungal agent precaution.some problem about pesticide in surrounding,artificial potential safeness and the focus of the tolerance of antifungal agent show that we need the other disease control precaution.AEW is the substitute for disease after harvest.BONDE indicate if it could be used in stimulating the sprouting of india tilletia treasure.

They found that AEW could kill the pollution of aspergillus,genus of the genus and genus of the genus in 20 minutes.

AEW has the extensive disinfect,which could promote as the anti-fungal agent and ordinary health purpose.

At present,some planter prevent plant in garden from irrigation and sprayer.YAMAKI take it as control erysiphales on the cucumber that it could dramatically reduce erysiphales about 2 weeks,and the contrast group of peach go bad about 70% incidence of disease and AEW 22% .

According to the BONDE research,AEW could destroy aspergillus,genus of the genus and genus of the genus in the short term,as is said that AEW could replace NAOCL to treat india tilletia treasure.

BUCK take AEW in test tube treat 22 species fungus whose sprout dramatically reduce.some fungus with thin cell wall have killed in 30 seconds or less,and so in two minutes or more is the some with thick wall.Take the proportional AEW with running water(1:4,1:9)could lower the effectiveness of anti gray grape spore fungus.AEW could not destroy the organization of geranium leaves,because it could remove the damage of gray grape spore fungus.

AEW has been controlled brown rot by AL-HAQ.Take spore suspension of 5*105 pore production of brown rot into the the perfect fruits which is soaked in the running water or AEWs with different value of ORP,FAC and PH about 5-10 minutes in dropping or spraying.After that,put the fruits into the condition of 20 degree and moisture 95%.The incidence rate of disease is that of percentage of fruits and the severity is the diameter of damage.AEW could not control the damage fruits,but could lower the incidence of disease and severity.

Taking microbe in dropping in compare with that in sprayer could release too more.The fruits conserved by AEW in 2 degree and 50%PH could not has the brown rot after 8 days even in 20 degree and95%PH.The severity and disease incidence of fruits soaked in AEW about 5 minutes is the lowest.AEW (PH4.0,ORP1000MV,FAC290mg/l)could postpone 7 days for the brown rot and the side effect disappear,which is the time from producer to customer.This research shows AEW is the effective surface disinfect agent which could prevent its development of disease ,and not preclude it happen.

AL-HAQ has researched the pear soaked in AEW.the research has 4 experiments.Damage is the precondition of infect.

Take spore suspension of bellenger’s grape 5*105 pore production on the damaged fruits about 4 hours and soak into AEW in the surrounding 20 degree and 90%RH to grow and cause disease.The fruit is no side effect by processing.AEW could control the disease incidence rate and severity,so is the lowest for that soaked 10 minutes.This research shows AEW is the effective surface disinfect agent.

AL-HAQ researches the AEW effect for the mango anthrax.Take spore suspension of mango anthrax 5*105 pore production and soak in AEWS in different time.researches show AEW is ineffective for the damaged fruit with mango anthrax but could lower the disease incidence rate.The symptom of mango anthrax in AEW is later than the contrast group.

The lowest is disease incidence rate and severity after 30 minutes.This research shows AEW is the effective surface disinfect agent.

3.5AEW has the effectiveness for the vegetable and fruit after cutting IZUMI points that AEW including 15-50ppm effective chlorine could release micro-organization of some cutting vegetables.

KOSEKI research freeze AEW to keep fresh the vegetable in plastic box.they inspect the AEW ice block,AEW and BEW confusing ice block in conserve time.the concentration CL2 in AEW ice block in box enhance 3.9ppm/h,AEW and BEW confusing ice block 0.5ppm/h,running water ice block is non.

3.6AEW effect on the meat and poultry

PARK report that jejunum bending bacteria exposed in AEW or chlorine water could fully inactivate within 10 secong.So is the diluted AEW in which jejunum bending bacteria groups release under 10 cfu/ml.They have the further evaluation of that the AEW effectiveness is equal with chlorine water’:they make jejunum bending bacteria in chicken less 3 log10 cfu/g,and the contrast group of electrolytic water less 1 log10 cfu/g.Jejunum bending bacteria revive after cleaning AEW and chlorine water,the contrast is contrary.AEW could lower the jejunum bending bacteria group in chicken and preclude the crossing disinfect.

4.EW applied in the food processing.

The research finds BEW usage could improve the volume of protein.Tofu made by AEW is softer than that made by running water,here is no disparity of sugar content.In sense,tofu made by AEW is sweeter than that made by running water.

Carbonyl content concerned its flavor in AEW and BEW is higher than that in running water.EW even BEW could change the nutrition value of tofu.

According to HARA reports that boiled Japanese noodle detected by apparatus and flavor whose dough in AEW is resilient and hard.AEW could rapidly decompose gluten in based gluten matrix to form the better texture.That in BEW change the gel condition.The wheat starch healed in EW could change the gel condition.The noodle in positive electrode could lower its collective maximum and minimum,which shows the sugar of starch molecule is heated to decompose in low PH value.

When the wheat starch is heated in BEW,its collective maximum and decompose shall rise,which shows that is heated to untie hydrogen to promote starch molecule swell and destroy in high PH value.Here is the possibility that the starch molecule decompose could make water diffuse in noodle in EW,in which the disparity of the inside and the outside become little.So noodle in running water is resilient than that in EW.Especially,noodle in AEW which lower the resilience is more sticker than that in running water.in conclusion,AEW changing flour gel is more effective than BEW’s.in Japanese food, it is important for the resilience.We don’t suggest that Japan boil noodle in EW,because of resilience.

According to the report from KOBAYASHI and ONISHI,old rice in weak BEW is softer and sticker because of changing organism.BEW could better rice quality,and is not hard than running water.But rice boiled BEW go easily bad.Further report find that carbohydrate alike algae sugar and surface active agent alike polyoxyethylene could relieve the degeneration of rice.

HOSHIZAKI electric company receive a American patent about the making up of the dough.Kneading dough in EW could enhance the quality without any additives.Crumbs made by AEW is more resilient than that by running water.Crumbs made by weak BEW is softer than that by running water.

Red bean rice is the food to celebrate the festival.KOBAYASHI research the AEW and BEW have the function of changing food color and flavor.They find AEW could alleviate its tart and light the color.BEW could make color deeper.

5.Conclusion

AEW treatment could be as the effective way to the pollution microbe of degrading the food surface and non-food contact surface(ceramic tile,floor,stainless steel and medical apparatus).Inactivation of eschericha and staphylococcus aureus shows AEW could prevent from crossing infect in pollution.AEW has the extensive disinfect function which could promote it become contact killing fungus and use in the home to disinfect.

AEW could be used on scene and alleviate the danger to staff in no need of concentrated chemical.It could be used the food additive.

According to different ways,AEW and BEW all could be used in the food production.EW is the new technology which need further research and development.